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#25

Last year, the emergence of 4 iPhone swept across mobile phone industry, at that time the mobile phones have broken digital products of the inherent law of value, in all the vaunted cases against inflation, prices contrarian reached now nearly 7,000 yuan LuoJi price. However, the success of 4 iPhone represent not just a cell phone, it causes the peripheral accessories development is amazing. Among them, aiming at the iPhone launched earplugs levels in endlessly, many old types of manipulating the iPhone begin upgrade, The new model is directly in the headset add exclusive in the iPhone wire control device.The new model is directly in the headset add exclusive in the iPhone wire control device.В 

But consumer face numerous iPhone headset, not knowing how to start. In enthusiasts eyes, iPhone 4 is a can of mobile phones; listening In tide young people's eyes, iPhone 4 like GUCCI hand bag as ornament fashion; And in the mobile player's eyes, iPhone 4 rich function is always intensively not over of the road. Every kind of user groups as to how to choose and buy for iPhone headset of 4 different emphasis, led by the user for "who is the best earphone (best cheap headphones) for iPhone4 ? The problem of discussion.

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As is known to all, iPhone 4 can compatible ordinary headphones and exclusive headset, both the biggest different depend on a small wire control device. Don't underestimate the organ, inside whole chip must pass apple official authentication can use, in order to get this authorization, not only should have certain manufacturing strength, moreover the patent fees paid virtually also increased cost. In addition, as one paragraph not HiFi player, we have to take on the thousand yuan even thousands of yuan to match an earphone? Is to function or single-minded? Is to the exterior or price? Believe that these problems have let you scratching their heads (cheap headphones).

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Today, we'll from price, function, timbre three aspects honor to introduce how to give 4 of this most current iPhone strong equipment selection headphones. Whether you are a high income, or like me pursue cost-performance, finish see articles, all can find the answer.

#24

Many experts agree that smoking is only about 10% physical addiction and a massive 90% psychological addiction. Your body will recover fairly quickly from nicotine withdrawals (the worst symptoms usually abate in three days or less), but your psychological dependency on cigarettes can be much more difficult to end.

One way to combat this is to do a bit of self-analysis before giving up cigarettes.

Make a list with two columns. Label column one "Why I Started Smoking" and label column two "Why I Want To Quit Smoking."

In column one, list all the reasons you can remember as to why you started smoking in the first place. Was it peer pressure? Rebellion? Did you think it made you look cool? Did it make you feel like a grown-up? Really try to remember the exact reasons why you started smoking and write them all down.

Now look over that list. Do any of those reasons still apply in your life today? Probably not.

If you're like most people, you will see that your reasons for becoming a smoker are no longer valid, are often just silly, and are easily outweighed by the risks to your health and your family's well-being.

So let's move on to column two... Why do you want to quit smoking?

This one may seem obvious, but it can be a bit tricky. You really need to take some time and think hard about this. Don't just list the obvious health reasons. You've been reading the Surgeon General's warnings for years with little effect, so you need to come up with reasons that truly have meaning for you.

The things most people write down will NOT help you quit smoking...

- I don't want to get lung cancer. - I don't want to have a heart attack or a stroke. - I'd like to live long enough to see my grandchildren grow up.

Those are all good reasons to quit smoking, certainly... but they deal in "possibilities" rather than in specifics.

Sure you MIGHT get lung cancer, you MIGHT have a heart attack or a stroke, you MIGHT die young and miss out on seeing your grandchildren grow up...

...or you MIGHT NOT! You're not likely to break a strong psychological addiction based on what MIGHT happen. Your mind will work hard to convince you that it won't happen to you! Instead, list health problems that you are already experiencing.

Your list should point out things in your life that you are actively unhappy about and are STRONGLY MOTIVATED to change. In order to break your psychological addiction, you need an arsenal of new thoughts and desires that are stronger than your desire to smoke!

Here are the types of things you want to put in column two...

Why Do I Want To Quit Smoking?

1. Health Reasons

- I get so out of breath when I exert myself even a little bit. Just vacuuming the house makes me pant and gasp.

- My feet are always cold. This could be due to high blood pressure and poor circulation associated with smoking.

- I have a nasty wet cough and I have to blow my nose way too often. Mucus build-up is the body's reaction to all the toxins and chemicals in cigarette smoke and could be a precursor to serious respiratory disease. Even if I don't get cancer, I don't want to be one of those people who has to tote oxygen bottles around everywhere.

- I'm always tired. Could it be that my body is using up all its energy trying to eliminate the toxins and chemicals from cigarettes?

2. Vanity Reasons

- Smoking causes premature aging and drying of the skin. I don't want to look like a wrinkled up old prune!

- My fingers, fingernails and teeth are all tobacco stained. Disgusting! How embarrassing.

- When I get on the elevator after a smoke break at work, everyone wrinkles their nose and tries to edge away from me because I reek of cigarette smoke. I feel like a pariah. It's embarrassing to always be the big "stinker" on the elevator. I feel like I have no self-control.

- My breath is awful. Kissing me must be like kissing an ashtray. I spend a fortune on breath mints.

3. Financial Reasons

- If I save all the money I used to spend on cigarettes, I'll have enough to take a vacation in Cancun (or some other warm tropical place) every winter!

- I could use the money to pay off my credit cards!

- I could donate money to my favorite charity or sponsor a child. My cigarette money could make the world a better place!

4. Family Reasons

- My family can stop worrying about me.

- My spouse will have to find something new to nag me about. Just kidding, honey!

- My children will be proud of me and (hopefully) they'll never start smoking themselves, having seen firsthand what a nasty destructive habit it is.

5. Cleanliness Reasons

- The walls used to be white. Now they're a nasty dirty-looking brown. I need to repaint... again!

- I stink, my car stinks, my house stinks, everything I own reeks of cigarette smoke. I can't even lend a book to a non-smoking friend because they can't stand the smell of smoke permeating the pages!

Do you see yourself in any of the items listed? You may have many more reasons of your own. Find as many compelling and emotion reasons to quit smoking as you can think of and write them all down.

If you can re-train your mind to think of smoking as a silly and self-destructive thing to do, then you're almost sure to succeed. And if you need something to do with your hands... try knitting!

#23

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Hard disk data recovery services are offered in various different companies throughout the world. It can be termed as data retrieval from a damaged computer due to virus or hard disk error.

All such performances can be done on notebook computers, desktop computers, laptops, raid server machines, CD's, external hard drives, DVD's and flash disk etc. There are various companies that have specialization in such kind of service so as to provide your clients the most appropriate service at your store. The quality of services exhibits your client thinking twice before considering to offer a different company to get his hard disk data recovery services.

In such type of firms you will see that they have specialization in the data recovery for all types of operating system like Windows XP, the Macintosh OS, Linux Os etc. The reason to get the hard disk checking by special professionals are given as below:

They are possessed with various well equipped and ready to handle complicated HDD recoveries related to the damage of your hard disk drive. You will also see that you are offered a various recovery options that are best suitable for your hard disk data recovery services. In such type of environment you will have good chance to get the successful data recovery.

You could take your hard disk drive to a well reputed data recovery firm and most of the time you will be entitled to free consultations and advice related to be done with your equipment for the best results to be achieved in the data recovery process. On the same side you will also not be forced to incur extra costs in the recovery of your data.

The best thing related with these firms is that there are no hidden costs associated. So, whatever the quote you get will be the same amount you will be charged once you sent them the task or job. Such companies have customer services team that remains in touch with you stating you how your equipment is fairing on during the period of your data recovery process.

Thus, with the advancement in technology, you need not worry about the corrupted hard disk with an accessible data for that can be retrieved with the adoption of efficient hard disk data recovery services.

#22

Need aВ  Windows Mobile Scanner that you can use to begin scanning, recording, and finding out what a windows mobile phone is doing?В  If you are interested in finding out the phone calls, text messages, web browsing activity, GPS locations, and all that other stuff - then this article is just for you.В  I'll go over how you can get started tracking very easily.В  Let's get into it below:

How Windows Mobile Scanning Works

It's really easy to get set up, and all you need is a bit of time.В  By tonight you should be able to begin tracking with your windows mobile scanner.В  What you're going to do is find a good windows mobile scanner (software,) and I'll show you how you can do that below.В  Once you get the software on the phone you can begin tracking it forever - meaning that you never have to touch it again.В  You'll see everything in real time - phone calls, texts, GPS, etc.

Picking A Good Windows Mobile Scanner

Sometimes it's really hard to know which one is good and which is bad, so I'll give you a few tips that you can go by.В  For one, you always want to make sure that the windows mobile scanner you're looking at downloading has good reviews.В  If it doesn't, then don't download it.В  You need to make sure that they have a good reputation and a stellar track record, otherwise you may wind up installing a virus or some other kind of malicious software that will just ruin your computer.

The Best Windows Mobile Scanner

I think that the best windows mobile scanner that I have found is SpyBubble.В  They are really, really great for all the tracking that you need to do on a windows mobile phone, and they have great reviews.В  Their existing customer base writes amazing things about them and I believe they are really simple to set up.В  Check out below for a download link and you can get set up within a few minutes.

This is what Spybubble can do for you:

* Records blackberry phone events.
* Spy on SMS text messages. (Spy on received and sent messages.)
* Spy on web browser activities.
* Call logs (inbound and outbound).
* Location tracking by GPS so you can see exactly where the owner is.
* Full phone book access.
* Works from all over the world.
* 100% undetectable and you can spy on unlimited Blackberry phones.

Why don't you take a look at this software program? Visit: Spybubble

Download your windows mobile scanner from their site now, and then check out the cool guides that show you how you can use it.В  You can check what the phone is doing from anywhere in the world, and they guarantee that you will never be caught.В  So I think that this one should work out for you, good luck!

So, do you want to start scanning any mobile phone that you want? Today? Right now? Visit: Windows Mobile Phone Scanner Software

#21

Do you remember how you used to go on holiday and worry that there wouldn’t be a cell phone signal?  You would stress about how, even though you were going over a weekend, which traditionally aren’t the busiest two days of the week, that you wouldn’t be able to communicate with your colleagues about any important work issues that might arise and that they wouldn’t be able to communicate with you?  Well, now that VoIP for Windows Mobile is here, you no longer have to worry.  VoIP for Windows Mobile can make you communicable via the power of the internet, regardless of where the nearest cell phone signal can be had.

VoIP for Windows Mobile is a great new piece of technology that allows you to use your cell phone to make voice calls over the internet, via a wireless connection, just as you would if you were using a cell phone signal.  It’s what we already use when we use Skype to make voice calls with our computer over the internet.  Isn’t that a great service?  Well, now you can use the same kind of service, VoIP for Windows Mobile, to make voice calls over the internet from your cell phone, instead of having to sit down at a computer and call from there.  With VoIP for Windows Mobile you need never worry again about being out of touch.  If you are within range of a wireless network VoIP for Windows Mobile will let you make and receive calls on your cell as usual, without having to worry.  The other great thing about VoIP for Windows Mobile is that it is a lot cheaper than using your cell phone minutes, which can be kind of pricey, especially when calling long distance.

VoIP for Windows Mobile means that you can leave the office for a few days and not have to worry about no one being able to get in touch with you.  That hugely important business deal won’t get destroyed because you aren’t in the office.  You can still take calls about it, hammer out details and set up meetings, even if the nearest cell phone tower is three hundred miles away.  VoIP for Windows Mobile will let you call your office to keep tabs on your staff and make sure that nothing is melting in your absence.  They will know that you are just a phone call away, which is good for staff performance and morale while you aren’t there.  It’s always a good thing to not be completely absent when you are out of the office.  That way your staff know that just because you aren’t there, doesn’t mean they can pretend they aren’t either.

VoIP for Windows Mobile will revolutionize your communications, enabling you to keep in touch with the real world even if you choose to remove yourself from it for a while.  As long as you are within range of a wireless network you will be able to keep up with your life and your work without any concerns, keeping everyone in and associated with your organization happy.  It’s all very well to get away from it all, but you often want that option to be able to not be away from it all, if you so choose.

#20

Simply point your finger at a name or number in your address book and you will be automatically connected to him-- that is how the Apple iPhone works. Apple's iPhone which has been occupying so much of the news headlines for the last few days is finally released in the UK. Putting an end to the curiosities of the masses, Apple iPhone is now ready for purchase.

As per the official records of Orange, the carrier of Apple iPhone in the UK, as many as 8000 iPhones were registered on the first day of its release in the UK. People are seen standing in long queues in front of the Orange store to have a first look at this most hyped Apple iPhone.

Despite the heavy price tag associated with the Apple iPhone, people are crazy about buying Apple iPhone. The unique gadget is gifted with multiple features, such as digital music player, video games, Internet browsers and digital camcorder. The iPhone is complemented with a version of OS X, push e-mail and latest connectivity features. Apple iPhone is a great help for people who love to work while travelling. From accessing the Internet to document viewing, everything can be done swiftly with this tiny enigma.

The phone weighs 145 gm and has a dimension of 115mm x 61mm x 12mm, which makes it bulky in appearance. But if you have a look at its large 3.5" touch screen display which constitutes the front of iPhone, the only thing you can do is to appreciate its beauty. Apple also introduces the auto-correct system in the iPhone with the help of which helps users to identify typing errors. Another remarkable feature in this revolutionary phone is that it has an on-screen dial pad which is easy-to-use while dialing. The recent section in the phone also keeps a record of the missed calls, dialed calls as well as the received calls.

The e-mail client in this quad-band GSM/EDGE device supports Yahoo!, AOL mail, Gmail as well as Mac. Apart from the sophisticated features, Apple iPhone is also equipped with all basic features a mobile handset must have. It is an excellent music player that supports iTunes, brilliant photographer, a meticulous communicator and a high-speed Internet browser. With all its functionalities, Apple iPhone is an incredible handset that deserves wide acclamation.

#19

Advice Column Dating Love Single Sites plus Control Your Mind To Last Longer In Bed combined with Male Enhancement Enlargement

For many men having a larger penis means having more confidence and being better in bed. However what good is a larger penis if it has permanent injury due to bad enlargement methods? Let us take a look at two common ways in which most men use to get a bigger member and then find out which one of these methods offers the safest and most effective environment for enlarging the penis:

Are you happy with your penis size? Most men are not. If you want to enlarge your penis size permanently and see huge gains - read on.. Just 6 minutes per day for a few short weeks will make your penis much longer thicker and healthier and give you permanent gains which you can enjoy for the rest of your life!

See results in as little as 7 days GUARANTEED - Click here to start TODAY

If you don't satisfy her partner someone else will. So you need to learn how to grow your penis. This will make you more effective in the area she wants you to be. In this article you will learn how to grow 4 inches in a short period of time.

Yes you can get a much much bigger erection. For thousands of years men have been doing it but the product-based western world didn't want you to know about it. In fact the penis pill industry made a concentrated interest to keep you out of the know. The truth however is slowly getting out and it's sure to ruin the ridiculous profits that these companies have been seeing for years. The truth is that you don't need any physical product to get both longer and thicker for life. All you need are your own two hands! Let me tell you how it works.

The secret behind successful penis growth is actually to take control of your increase yourself. This means that you are the one who creates the growth not a pump extender or a set of pills. This is extremely important because when you are in control you can manage the amount of growth that you require and also you are looking after your body at the same time so that you don't put yourself at risk from any side effects. Best of all natural growth means a successful growth of up to 4 inches! I know that this is the case because I used natural enlargement and my penis grew from 4.5 inches to over 8 inches - and I was so happy that I was in charge! So learn how you can manage your penis...

Mainstream culture is now caught between the original distrust of such practices and the stories told by many men who have actually managed to enlarge their penises. And these high levels of expansion and visibility brought on their heels a host of new products and techniques.

Did you know that the average success rate behind penile male enlargement equipment is a dismal 6? It doesn't matter what product you decide to use be it; pumps extenders or weights you have a 94 chance of failure. If this shocks you or you have made the mistake of buying one of these useless gadgets in the past read on to find out the reason that they fail and what you need to change if you actually want to get bigger...

Are you desperate for a larger penis size? Don't worry there are many men in your shoes but they have found the answer. Now it is your turn to understand how they achieved penis male enlargement and got massive members by simply using their hands. This is a must read!

#18

Go Green is the motto of recently launched Sony Ericsson Aspen hand set that comes with the latest features. The aim of this had set is to cut down its contribution to carbon emission by including power saving mode, an eco mate application, water borne paint. In addition to this its outer box and charger are made up of used or recycled plastic and other materials. This phone is placed as top business smart phone with green documentations, encouraging multi functioning ability with a touch experience. В 

The main features of this hand set are as follows:

Size and Weight

The size of Sony Ericsson Aspen is very compact and small. It is only 117*60*12.45mm in size and is very handy to use as opposed to other smart phone available in the market. The weight of this handset is very less and a person can carry it any where comfortably. It is 130 grams only.

Display and Operating System

This device has 2.4 inches QVGA TFT user friendly touch screen LCD display. Also it has 240*320 pixels resolution. The ASPEN runs the latest version of Windows called the 6.5.3 that brings slew enhancements. It brings actual finger friendly customization to the edge. The use of the latest version of Windows is the most striking feature of this new hand set.

Keypad or Keyboard

The keyboard or keypad of ASPEN is made keeping in mind the need of the writers/journalists. It has front facing QWERTY keypad that is very helpful in fast writing or typing. This phone is best for those who do a lot of messaging in their daily life. The key pad is soft and a person can type or write easily as many messages as one wants without taking any break.

Camera

The ASPEN has a digital camera of 3.2 mega pixel with a lot of clarity and better resolution, plus 4* digital zoom camera for taking the picture of distant objects.

#17

About Pole BarnsВ 

There are many builders that specialize in construction of pole barns (post-frame buildings), and even though different builders use different techniques, the idea of a pole barn is basically the same.В  The typical pole barn is constructed with pressure treated posts placed in the ground (approximately 48" below ground level).В  Posts of most of the pole bans are usually spaced 8' on center.В  On outside of these posts you'll find 2x4 girts that are fastened 24" o.c. (the siding is fastened into these 2x4 girts), double 2x12 headers to support trusses, and 2x4 purlins (or plywood) on top of trusses to support roofing material.В  Pole barn is probably the least expensive and the simplest way to build yourself a nice building (garage, horse barn or any other type of building).В  If you are looking for a small building and can't afford to hire a contractor, you can probably have one build yourself, perhaps with the help of your friends - you'll need at least 1 helper to build the frame and 2 helpers to set the trusses up.

В В В В В В В В В В В  If you have enough money to hire a contractor or simply don't have time to build the barn yourself, then you'll need to find the right contractor for the job.В  If you are like me, or like most of the people, you probably want to spend as little as possible and build the barn as nice as possible.В  Well, that's what we all wish for, but it doesn't always work like that.В  Did you ever hear of the saying "greedy pays twice"?В  Being in construction business for a while, I personally know of several customers that "tried to save money" on either site excavation, foundation or some other work, by having their "friends" or "someone they know" to do the work. Guess what?В  These customers ended up paying more than the quote given by us, since their "friends" didn't do the job right and we either had to redo the excavation (how can we put up a building on the site that's 2' or 3' off level?) or fix the foundation.В  The bottom line, if you want to keep your friends, don't hire them.

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What to look for in a quality constructed Pole Barn

В Consider these options and features for your pole barn:

В 1. "Perma-Columns" - Instead of placing your posts in the ground, you can now choose the concrete columns to avoid any possibility of rotten posts.В  A Perma-Column is basically a manufactured concrete column with a U-shaped metal bracket on top.В  These concrete columns go in the ground and your wooden posts are placed on top of these columns and are bolted into U-shaped brackets.В  See www.permacolumns.com for more information.В  Keep in mind, pole barns built with Perma-Columns cost more.В  Plan to spend $120 - $150 per each post extra).

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2. Glue Laminated Posts - Instead of using regular 4x6 or 6x6 pressure treated posts that have a tendency to twist, crack and bow, glue-lam posts are stronger and have a lot less chance to twist or bow.В  Different sizes of glu-lam posts are available on the market.В  For smaller buildings, you can use 3 or 4-ply 2x6 posts, for larger and taller buildings you will need to use 3 or 4-ply 2x8 posts.В  The other advantage of glue-laminated posts is only the bottom of these posts are treated (in case you decide to put them in the ground)

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3. Use Proper Bracing - Make sure your pole barn is built with proper bracing.В  Tell your builder to install side braces and truss braces if you want to have your barn withstand strong winds.В  Installing metal hurricane ties is also a good idea, especially in hurricane-prone areas.В  Believe it or not, some builders do not bother to install truss or side braces to save money.В  If you have ever seen a collapsed pole barn after strong winds, it's most likely due to improper bracing techniques used.

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4. Use Reflective Insulation and Ridge Vent - Now, I know you don't want to spend more than you have to, but believe me, reflective insulation placed under metal roof will help keep your entire building cooler in hot summer days.В  So, would the installation of ridge vent.В  If you don't know what reflective insulation is, just Google it and you'll find all the information you need.

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5. Overhangs - By all means, please do use overhangs on your barn or any structure you build.В  Don't know about you, but I personally can't look at the barn that doesn't have any overhangs.В  Honestly, it looks like crap.В  Be aware that some builders would include overhangs on the eaves in their quote, but not on the gables.В  If you want overhangs on the gables, they'll charge you extra.

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6. Compare Construction - Don't get too excited when you find the builder with the cheapest price for the pole barn.В  Beware of those salesmen and companies that get you on the hook with a "cheap price" and than start charging you extra for different features and options that should have been included in the price in the first place.В  If this happens to you, forget about that builder.В  The bottom line, compare construction specifications and features, not just the price.

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#16

In my spare time when I'm not tinkering with computers and other fun gadgets, I'm a big music nut and somewhat of an audiophile, if you will. Looking for quality headphones as I tend to travel a lot I kept hearing all the hype about Dr. Dre's & Lady Gaga's set of celebrity affiliated headphone line. So I decided to pick them up and give them a shot

Some items I always look for in headphones (and unfortunately, as a software developer I've gone through a lot as I'm always listening to music):

Comfort - This is key to me...sometimes I'll go hours before taking my headphones off Noise Canceling - I wear headphones for a very important 2nd reason: I don't want to hear peripheral noise when I'm in the zone How well does my music sound? Can I see myself using them on a daily basis?

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This is my experience:

General Review

Pros:

1. They're very stylish - I get lots of questions as people notice them, especially girls, so if anything they're a great conversation starter

2. They're comfortable - The padding in the cuffs themselves are definitely top notch for this price range and they don't irritate my sensitive ears as I tend to usually blast my music

3. They provide a pretty good balance in terms of sound and a nice thumping of bass (especially with Hip Hop)

Cons:

1. They require 2 AAA Batteries

2. The packaging is a bit excessive

3. They are a tad big, but I don't mind this






Technical Review

Pros:

1. I thought all of the hype in quality was hear-say, but the sound quality is pretty impressive. Music at the sound rate of 128kbps to 192kbps that I tested (the average rate for most music) sounds INCREDIBLE for headphones

2. 1/8″ to 1/4″ adapter with 24k gold contacts is included

3. Noise canceling is available


Cons:

1. The noise canceling isn't the best, but it's tolerable. Unless I'm blasting music and in the zone, I occasionally hear noise

For the most part, these headphones fit my guidelines from earlier. If you care to find out more about Dr. Dre's Monster Beat Headphones check them out. I don't think I'll do away with them just yet.

Side note, another great set of headphones that I was torn between was the Bose Noise Canceling Headphones. Only reason I didnt choose these was simply cause I didn't have the disposable funds available at the time. Maybe this will be my next purchase, hmmm

Hope this helps!

Cheers,

-ConfirmedTech

#15

'Undelete' is an option to recover and restore the lost or deleted files form the computer by rewinding the operation. Without the in-built undelete feature, the retrieval of lost or deleted files is termed as data recovery and in Linux operating system based computers, it is popularly known as Linux data recovery.

There are many file systems, which have the built-in undelete feature to reverse an accidental-delete operation of important data. However, this feature is not available with every file system. Moreover, though the undelete feature is very much useful for the ones who have deleted some important files/folders and at the very next moment, realize that the data was extremely important to be recovered back, the feature also alarms for a security risk.

Many operating systems with graphical user interface has a concept of 'holding area'. If a file or folder has been deleted, then the information regarding these files move to the 'holding area' and are periodically deleted. In case of Windows and Macintosh operating systems, similar concept exists in the form of 'Trash'. Though some of the recent Linux versions also have the undelete feature, still most of the command based operating systems, such as DOS, Linux and UNIX does not support undelete and leave the recovery of data upto recovery utilities, such as Linux recovery.

Some Linux file systems like ext2 has an in-built recovery feature called 'e2undel' which can undelete many recently deleted data from the ext2 file system based Linux computers. Similarly, in case of ext3 file system in Linux, though the 'ext3grep' utility has been designed to automate the undelete kind of operation, officially, ext3 does not support undelete. Apart from these two file systems, all the others file systems in Linux, such as ext4, reiserFS etc. does not have any undelete feature.

Hence, if you encounter any instance of data deletion in Linux, you need to opt for any data recovery Linux utility, such as ext2 recovery, ext3 recovery or ext4 recovery.

These Linux Undelete Tools are designed with powerful scanning algorithms to search your storage device extensively and recover the lost or deleted data efficiently. Moreover, these utilities are absolutely risk-free and do not harm neither the media nor the data in it.

#14

The CanoScan LiDE something like 20 is the perfect scanning device for beginners. Slimline, elegant and straightforward to install and also utilize, the LiDE something like 20 includes Canon's Led roundabout exposure engineering, and will be offering high definition scans with consistent results.

Functions

* Elegant design

- 600 times 1200 dpi, 48-bit internal colour

- 3 EZ buttons

* Single cable connect 'n' perform relationship by means of Hardware

* Sophisticated Z-lid allowing effortless checking coming from large options

- Includes Arcsoft PhotoStudio, PhotoBase, Omni-page Sony ericsson OCR software

* Remain enables vertical deciphering

Canon's distinctive LiDE Technology accomplishes strength and space-efficiency without diminishing functionality or even image resolution high quality

Small overall performance

The actual CanoScan LiDE 20 steps just 256 by 383 x thirty four mm and it is done with an attractive sea glowing blue colored top. It includes a code reader stand because regular, permitting you to definitely shop as well as check using the scanner about the side-it's the world's tiniest installment impact.

One-touch deciphering

The CanoScan LiDE 20 contains a few EZ check out buttons giving a person access to functions you employ most. The actual 'scan' option saves the particular scanned picture to produce, 'copy' transmits your picture with a printer's for automated end result, as well as 'email' will save the particular scanned documents being a specified file size regarding connection.

Multi-Photo mode

The one-pass multi-scan characteristic enables multiple photos to be scanned, producing the method quicker compared to prior to.

Online connectivity

The particular CanoScan LiDE something like 20 receives it's energy from your Usb link, and it is compatible with Pc as well as Macintosh. It also presents Fast Multi-Photo mode, as well as comes with Arcsoft PhotoStudio, PhotoBase and also Omni-page Sony ericsson OCR computer software.

#13

Windows Media Video or WMV, is a compressed video file which has been produced by Microsoft. It was created for watching video clips on a computer and also for internet streaming. Formats of this specific type are distinguished by way of the .wmv extension . It describes file types which utilise windows media video codecs to play. A codec is a program which reads files without hassle and produces video and audio formats by using the available files.

The main feature regarding WMV files is that it enables large video files to be compressed whilst safeguarding a high video quality. WMV files can become stored into different kinds of file types which includes AVI or MKV. Other sorts of file types that happens to be primary rivals of WMV are MPEG-4, DivX, RealVideo and Xvid. Below are some of the useful features attached to WMV:

1. Data is transported across a wide array of network protocols
2. It is appropriate for local playback
3. It features advanced multimedia functions such as:

1. Extensible types of media
2. Component download
3. Media forms that are scalable
4. Stream prioritization that can be tailored by the operator
5. Multiple language support
6. Administration of document and substance

Programs Which will Execute WMV Files

Applications which are works with WMV files are: Windows Media Player, Real Player, MPlayer, KMPlayer, Media Player Classic, ultimately VLC Player. There are third party players available for different operating systems for instance Linux system makes use of FFmpeg to utilize the WMV codecs. Concerning the Macintosh system, there is also a PowerPC variant of Windows Media Player that has been distributed by Microsoft in 2003 for Mac OS X. Another choice for Macintosh users would be to convert the file using a software like Handbrake to transform the file type into MP4.

Information about how To Execute WMV Files

1. Windows Media Player - playing files is quite easy. Choose the record you need to view. Double click on the file and it is going to instantly begin to play in windows media player.

2. On Linux system - if you use Linux, you absolutely need a player that plays wmv file types (as previously mentioned). You may download VLC media player off the website videolan. org and install on your computer system. This player plays any kind of file type. Several other players which you might think of are Miro, Boxee, Real Player and Helix player. These players are all appropriate for WMV.

3. On Macintosh - a Macintosh type of windows media player is available. The default media player on Macintosh computer systems, Apple Quick Time, may be adjusted to execute these file types. This can be accomplished by way of installing a plugin known as "Flip4mac". This plugin is openly accessible on Microsoft's website to download and install. Once set up, the Apple quick time player may become capable to play the WMV files. VLC media player is furthermore an alternate method because it operates on Mac computer systems as well.

4. On Blackberry mobile phones - WMV files won't execute on any blackberry mobile phones. They should be be changed into blackberry-readable format for example MP4 or AVI. You may use iOrgSoft Blackberry Video Converter so that you can transform the files so as to be played from the blackberry.

#12

HPS and HFS+ are the Apple Macintosh systems for referencing stored data and hard drives. HFS and HFS+ data recovery methods are uniquely adept for Apple and are not to be confused with NTFS and "fat file" systems, used by Microsoft.

So what are some examples of errors that might require data recovery for Mac's?

- Unreadable disks
- General disk errors
- No Volume (or Volume that isn't HFS)
- An uninstalled drive
- Computer cannot find the directory
- Internal file system errors
- Flawed master directory block
- Non-Macintosh disks
- Improper file names
- Segment Loader Error

If you use a Mac, whether for business or pleasure, you must protect your valuable data from hackers, viruses, human error, power surges, hard drive failures, and other unexpected problems. The most essential step to keeping your data safe is to back up files regularly - you should always be prepared for the worst-case scenario. Files, databases, emails, spreadsheets, and all other important data can be easily salvaged if this step is taken.

Mac's and PC's both offer limited solutions for data loss. Mac's are especially susceptible to data loss! But with data recovery, all bets are on.

When encountering data recovery problems, don't try and fix the problem alone. A hard drive is complicated and repair requires special tools, a clean room environment, and expert technological know-how. If you attempt to take on this task by yourself, not only may you be unable to retrieve the data, but you may also incur further damage on the drive.

But that's okay, because data recovery assistance and service is only a call away. Skilled technicians can evaluate the lost data and instruct you on how to solve the problem. But don't expect the job to be done in one day. This kind of repair is challenging; it can take almost a week before your data is recovered.

#11

Bluetooth headphones are just a fraction of the numerous innovations that Bluetooth technology has brought to us. These kinds of headphones are developed versions of ordinary headphones. They are very convenient compared to the ordinary ones because of their wireless design. You would not need to connect it with wires to your mobile phone, MP3 player, iPod, or even to your computer or laptop.

In listening to music from your MP3 player, these are very appropriate indeed. Nowadays, many people prefer using bluetooth headphones since they allow comfortable and leisurely listening at the same time. They are handy to use and you can listen to music in a hassle-free way since you would not have to be tangled in wires.

Also, bluetooth headphones are generally light in weight. This is because they would just be worn over your ear. They can be used for about one to four hours before needing a recharge. This allows you to have ample time to listen to your favorite hits and singles.

Bluetooth headphones provide the users with the capability to walk about freely while listening to the music being played through it. Listening to music whenever and wherever you want to is, therefore, possible with these headphones.

These headphones give out clear and high quality sound just like that of the television set. You can operate the headphones very easily and even without removing them from your ears. The earpiece of the headphones contains all the buttons that you need for operating the device--display, menu, volume control, and the pause and play control buttons. There is also an available card slot for your SD (Secure Digital) or MMC (Multimedia Card). You just have to insert your memory card into the slot in order to be able to access the files in it. Being small, Bluetooth headphones are indeed very handy and can be brought anywhere you wish to.

With the advent of bluetooth technology, particularly the bluetooth headphones sold widely in the market nowadays, the lives of people continue to get easier and more comfortable, most especially with the technology that we are all equipped with in this already so modern world.

#10

Mac is the OS which is known for its Cutting-Edge technology and efficiency. The Utility Finder is a new dimension added to the Macintosh operating system. Finder is the utility which organizes everything on a Mac system and it is also used as the default file manager system. But sometimes while deleting or dragging a file Finder deletes the file without confirmation. This can create the situation of critical data loss. You can lose your important data from your Mac System which is very important for you.

The loss of data is a common situation. People lose there important music files, movies, photos and favorite videos which is such a heart-broking situation for anyone. Data loss also happens due to accidental deletion of the files and folders. People loses there data in case of formats, hard drive crash and viral attacks to there system. Peoples delete files and folder from there systems and suddenly they got a thought that the folder they had deleted is the most important office files. You think that the folder must have been in the thrash but it has been permanently deleted from your PC.

You can recover your lost files and folder with the help of the Stellar Phoenix Data Recovery Software. It retrieves your all deleted files and folders from different files formats such as NTFS, NTFS5, FAT 32 and VFAT. This is one of the most powerful tools that scans the drive and recovers your accidentally deleted data. This tool recovers the data very fast and it is easy to use.

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#9

Samsung's new product Samsung B7330 is a combination of style with high functionality. The omnia pro B7330 undoubtedly can be called as your business partner because of the features supported by it. The range of powerful functional features of the Samsung B7330 promises to fulfill your personal and business needs to the fullest.

The omnia pro B7330 promises to improve your efficiency without increasing your hours in the office. The Samsung B7330 being compatible with MS office lets you create documents, projects, reports etc even at home or while you are on the go. The access to internet through the omnia pro B7330 further enables you to share and transfer those files. The QWERTY keypad of the Samsung B7330 adds to the effort of the device to make your life comfortable.

The wide and spacious 2.62 inches display of the omnia pro B7330 and 65K color display makes your life more fun with its crystal clear display. The mobile phone experience becomes even more fun through the QWERTY keypad and intuitive, fast navigation features of the Samsung B7330 mobile phone.

Being the latest with new Windows phone, the omnia pro B7330 makes it easier to stay connected to the world. Also, the Samsung B7330 you get more work done through your pocket office with great ease and fun. The Samsung B7330 windows phone hence ensures a great experience for you from work to play.

The omnia pro B7330 ensures that you never feel outdated or disconnected from your loved ones by offering high speed internet. The fast speed internet access on the Samsung B7330 mobile phone completes your personal needs by enabling you to check and update your social networking profiles; and your business needs by connecting you to your business associates through Active Sync which ensures a hassle free access to your emails, contacts and work related documents.

The other features included in the omnia pro B7330 mobile phone are a 3.15 mega pixel camera with auto focus, GPS navigation, Adobe flash lite, internal 270 MB storage with a microSD card slot which can expand up to 32 GB and Bluetooth.

#8

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When You book a nice apartment in Rome Apartment in Rome, with us You'll realize В how beautiful and magic this city is.

The nave of 'Archbasilica, which was bordered by thirty columns, was the first masonry after the fire of June 15, 1307. Of the original columns, only seven remained intact. Clement V from Avignon provident immediately to the restoration with the decretal Et fidei 11 August 1307. The restoration was done quickly if King Henry VII of Luxembourg, June 29, 1309, by three cardinals could receive the imperial crown and remained in good condition if the King Louis of Bavaria in 1327, having found the clergy, there was crowned emperor by Sciarra Colonna. The fire of August 21, 1361 worsened the situation by destroying a building canopy and four columns of jasper, but the seven survivors were able to support the entablature and the 42 columns of green marble with elegant capitals continued until 1638 to define the four aisles . Blessed Urban V (1362-1370), following the letter of Petrarch (August 21, 1361) addressed to his predecessor, Innocent VI on the conditions of buildings' Archbasilica also had no roof to the fire of 1361, he went from Avignon to Rome also to ensure the conservation of the Sacred Text of the Apostles Peter and Paul kept in the chapel of the Holy of Holies. The pontiff, place sub Arcu Salvatoris et maius super altar, that is, within the gothic tabernacle by Giovanni di Stefano, decided to entrust the case to the Lateran clergy. The heads of the sacred relics were not removed in early May of 1527 by mercenaries in the looting of 'Archbasilica Lateran Patriarchate and Urban Mellini if he could observe them in 1649.Martin V renewed the floor of the nave style cosmastesco porphyry with large, round and adorned with his coat of arms still visible, freed him of the pulpits, the choir of the canons and the altar of St. Mary Magdalene, built by the choir of canons, painted by Pietro Pisano, before the altar where Pope Honorius II-(1124-1130) had laid the body of the saint without a head.

The altar, which was rebuilt by Pope Boniface VIII, was moved near the last pilaster on the right side dell'Arcibasilica. At the end of the floor before the altar, the Pope, Martin V had arranged to be buried in a tomb surrounded by bronze in the four corners by as many porphyry columns that supported the canopy. His remains were exhumed at the time of Pius IX and located within the confessional.Enrico Josi from the restoration of the floor, and especially that the excavations conducted in the years 1934-1938, during the pontificate of Pius XI, whose crest earthy, has traced the foundations Constantine and found that the Archbasilica is built on the ruins of the Castra nova Severiana of Equites singulares (body of the imperial guards of Maxentius), built by Septimius Severus, and the choir curatorum, who had a T-shape that is with multiple partitions transept, which protruded beyond the outer walls of the aisles, wide as the nave Central. Among the findings emerge remains of yellow Numidian marble-which the Constantinian building was covered and which justify the title given by St. Gregory the Great (590-604) of golden-basilica, a capital with the symbol of the Eucharistic bread basket full of of grapes, a fragment of the entry of Sergius III.

Book our Rome apartments , and You'll enjoy the unique atmosphere of this beautiful city

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#7

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At ILoveChinaShopping.com,This wholesale hiphone has got shake and tilt control or shake and tilt technology.That means when you want to advance the songs,wallpapers,video or photos,you only need to gently shake the phone until it advances where you want it to.You never even have to look down or scroll. If this hiphones is not suitable for you,the best cell phone fight against iphone - Meizu M8 is your right choice! As the fastest, most powerful PDA phones,Meizu M8 is a hot sale Meizu latest cell phone, so similar to the iphone. Buy online at wholesale price here: New Meizu M8 16GB Windows CE6.0 Wifi Java GSM Mobile Phone with Bluetooth wholesale meizu m8 phones Description: 3.4inch 720*480 high-definition display screen was adopted, with 667Mhz CPU, 256MB ROM, Proximity/Gravity/Ambient light sensors and multi-touch application, to bring you the experience of hi-tech fascination. High-performance audio,video playback Inheriting the professional multimedia technology of Meizu M8 performs brilliantly on audio video playback, by which you no longer need an alternative MP3 MP4 player. Mobile InternetBy the closest internet experience to desktop computer, M8 may link you to internet anytime without a computer. Website browsing, E-mail, instant messaging, internet life accompanies you always. Moreover, Meizu M8 also support many other power functions, which make your life and work comfortable. What a fascinating product, really recommendable!!! Main Features: Built-in Sensor WIFI Operating system: Windows CE6.0 High definition flat touch screen MP3 / MP4 fluent player Office software: Word, Excel, PDF, PPT FM radio CPU/RAM: 667MHz CPU, 256MB RAM Alarm clock World clock Calculator WAP / GPRS service MMS Bluetooth Support JAVA Single card

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#6

Hand in Hand - Database and Code Refractoring for Quality and Low cost Enterprise Software

В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В  K.Ravi

Abstract

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Any software project development is supported by a programming language code (Front End) and a Database (Back end).

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Producing software is a very complex process that takes a considerable time to evolve. Poorly designed software systems are difficult to understand and maintain. Modifying code in one place could lead to unwanted repercussions elsewhere due to high coupling. Adding new features can cause further quality degradation to the code if proper design and architectural concerns were not implemented. Development in a large enterprise system with such attributes will, over time, lead to a myriad of concerns unless the system is periodically overhauled or refactored in some way.

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Software maintenance can take up to 50% of the overall development costs of producing software. One of the main attributes to these high costs is poorly designed code, which makes it difficult for developers to understand the system even before considering implementing new code. In the context of software engineering process, Software Refactoring has a direct influence on reducing the cost of software maintenance through changing the internal structure of the code to increase the design which helps the present and future developers evolve and understand the system.

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In this article we shall discuss mainly about database and code refractoring as these two are the major components of any software development

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Key words: Software Refractoring, Database refractoring, Software maintenance

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1.Database Refractoring

A database refactoring is a small change to a database schema which improves its design without changing, at a practical level, the semantics of the database. In other words, it is a simple database transformation which neither adds nor breaks anything. The process of database refactoring defines how to safely evolve a database schema in small steps. Database refactoring enables data professionals to work in an evolutionary manner, just as modern application developers do. It also provides a coherent strategy for organizations to dig their way out of the legacy database hole.

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A database refactoring is a simple change to a database schema that improves its design while retaining both its behavioral and informational semantics.В  For the sake of this discussion a database schema includes both structural aspects such as table and view definitions as well as functional aspects such as stored procedures and triggers.В  An interesting thing to note is that a database refactoring is conceptually more difficult than a code refactoring; code refactorings only need to maintain behavioral semantics while database refactorings also must maintain informational semantics.

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2. Why Database Refactoring?

There are two fundamental reasons why you want to adopt database refactoring:

To repair existing legacy databases. Database refactoring enables you to safely evolve your database design in small steps, making it an important technique for improving the legacy assets within your organization. This is clearly much less risky than a "big bang" approach where you rewrite all of your applications and rework your database schema and release them all into production at once. Furthermore, it is much better than the "let's try not to allow things to get any worse" strategy currently employed by the vast majority of data management groups which I've run into, a strategy which has no hope of success because all it takes is one development team to go around the data management group and do an imperfect database design.

The bottom line is that legacy databases aren't going to fix themselves, and that from a technical point of view database refactoring is a safe, simple way to improve data, and database, quality over time.В В  July 2006 survey into the current state of data management shows that 33% of organizations either are, or intend to take, an refactoring-based approach to addressing existing production data quality problems.

To support evolutionary software development. Modern software development processes, including the Rational Unified Process (RUP), Extreme Programming (XP), Agile Unified Process (AUP), Scrum, and Dynamic System Development Method (DSDM), are all evolutionary in nature. Craig Larman [4] summarizes the research evidence, as well as the overwhelming support among the thought leaders within the IT community, in support of evolutionary approaches. Unfortunately, most data-oriented techniques are serial in nature, relying on specialists performing relatively narrow tasks, such as logical data modeling or physical data modeling. Therein lies the rub - the two groups need to work together, but both want to do so in different manners. I believe that data professionals need to adopt evolutionary techniques, such as database refactoring, which enable them to be relevant to modern development teams. Luckily these techniques exist, and they work quite well, it is now up to data professionals to choose to adopt them.

3.The lifecycle of a database refactoring.

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4.The process of database refactoring.

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Database refactoring as a three-step process:

1.Start in your development sandbox

2. Implement in your integration sandbox (es)

3.Install into production

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В Step 1: Start In Your Development Sandbox

Your development sandbox is the technical environment where your software, including both your application code and database schema, is developed and unit tested.В  The need to refactor your database schema is typically identified by an application developer who is trying to implement a new requirement or who is fixing a defect.В  For example, a developer may need to extend their application to accept Canadian mailing addresses in addition to American addresses.В  The main difference is that Canadian addresses have postal codes such as R2D 2C3 instead of zip codes such as 90210-1234.В  Unfortunately the ZipCode column of the Surface Address table is numeric and therefore will not currently support Canadian postal codes.В  The application developer describes the needed change to one of the Agile DBA(s) on their project and the database refactoring effort begins.

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As depicted in Figure, the Agile DBA and application developer will typically work through some or all of the following steps to implement the refactoring:

•Verify that a database refactoring is required

•Choose the most appropriate database refactoring

•Deprecate the original schema

•Write unit tests

•Modify the database schema

•Migrate the source data

•Update external access programs

•Update your data migration script(s)

•Run your regression tests

•Announce the refactoring

•Version control your work

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Fig. В Database refactoring process

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Step 2: Implement In Your Integration Sandbox

After several days have passed you will be ready to implement your database refactoring within your project integration sandbox.В  The reason why you need to wait to do so is to give your teammates time to refactor their own code to use the new schema.В 

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Teams that have chosen to encapsulate access to their database via the use of a persistence framework will find it easier to react to database schema changes and therefore may discover they can tighten up the period between implementing a database refactoring within a development sandbox and in their project integration sandbox.В  This is due to the fact that the database schema is represented in meta data, therefore many database schema changes will only require updates to the meta data and not to the actual source code.

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To deploy into each sandbox you will need to both build your application and run your database management scripts (tools such as Autopatch can help).  The next step is to rerun your regression tests to ensure that your system still works – if not you will need to fix it in your development environment, redeploy, and retest.  The goal in your project integration sandbox is to validate that the work of everyone on your team works together, whereas your goal in the Test/QA sandbox is to validate that your system works well with the other systems within your organization.

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A critical part of deploying database refactorings into your Test/QA sandbox, I'm using the plural now because you typically introduce several database factors into this environment at once, is communication.В  Long before you change your database schema you need to communicate and negotiate the changes with the owners of all of the other applications that access your database.В  Your enterprise administrators will be involved in this negotiation, they may even facilitate the effort, to ensure that the overall needs of your organization are met.В  Luckily the process that you followed in your development sandbox has made this aspect of database refactoring easier:

•           The Agile DBA only allowed database refactorings that can realistically be implemented – if another application team isn't going to be able to rework their code to access the new schema then you can't make the change. 

•           The documentation, even if it's only a brief description of each change, that the Agile DBA wrote is important because it provides an overview of the changes that are about to be deployed. 

•           The new version physical data model (PDM), which was updated as database refactorings were implemented, serves as a focal point for the negotiations with other teams.  Agile Modeling (AM) would consider the PDM to be a "contract model" that your team has with the other application teams, a model that they can count on to be accurate and that they can count on being actively involved in negotiating changes to it.

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Step 3: Install Into Production

Installing into production is the hardest part of database refactoring, particularly in the complex situation of Figure .В  You generally won't deploy database refactorings on their own, instead you will deploy them as part of the overall deployment of one or more systems.В  Deployment is easiest when you have one application and one database to update, and this situation does occur in practice, but realistically we need to consider the situation where you are deploying several systems and several data sources at once.В  FigureВ  overviews the steps of deploying your refactorings into production.

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Fig.В  Deploying database refactorings

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5.A Simple customer database schema Example

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The initial database schema.В В В В В  В В В В В В В В В The Transition period.В В В В В В В В В В В В В В  В В В В В В В В В В В В В В The final database schema

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Figure depicts the best-case scenario for database refactoring – when it is only your application code that is coupled to your database schema. Figure depicts the worst-case scenario for database refactoring efforts where a wide variety of software systems are coupled to your database schema, a situation that is quite common with existing production databases.

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В В В В В В  Fig.Best case scenario

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6.Database Refactoring Best Practices

Refactor to ease additions to your schema.В  Ensure the test suite is in place.В  Take small steps.В  Program for people.В  Don't publish data models prematurely.В  The need to document reflects a need to refactor.В  Test frequently.В 

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7.Categories of database refactoring:

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Structural:В  A change to the table structure of your database schema.

Data quality:В  A change which improves and/or ensures the consistency and usage of the values stored within the database.

Referential integrity:В  A change which ensures that a referenced row exists within another table and/or that ensures that a row which is no longer needed is removed appropriately.В 

Architectural:В  A change which improves the overall manner in which external programs interact with a database.

Method: A change which improves the quality of a stored procedure, stored function, or trigger.В 

Non-refactoring transformations:В  A change which changes the semantics of your database schema by adding new elements to it or by modifying existing elements.В 

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Table of Database Refractoring Catogories

CategoryВ 

Database RefactoringsВ 

Structural Refactorings

Drop Column Drop Table Drop View Introduce Calculated Column Introduce Surrogate Key Merge Columns Merge Tables Move Column Rename Column Rename Table Rename View Replace LOB With Table Replace Column Replace One-to-Many With Associative Table Replace Surrogate Key with Natural Key Split Column Split Table

Data Quality Refactorings

Add Lookup Table Apply Standard Codes Apply Standard Type Consolidate Key Strategy Drop Column Constraint Drop Default Value Drop Non-Nullable Constraint Introduce Column Constraint Introduce Common Format Introduce Default Value Make Column Non-Nullable Move Data Replace Type Code With Property Flags

Referential Integrity

В Refactorings

Add Foreign Key Constraint Add Trigger for Calculated Column Drop Foreign Key Constraint Introduce Cascading Delete Introduce Hard Delete Introduce Soft Delete Introduce Trigger for History

Architectural Refactorings

Add CRUD Methods Add Mirror Table Add Read Method Encapsulate Table With View Introduce Calculation Method Introduce Index Introduce Read Only Table Migrate Method From Database Migrate Method to Database Replace Method(s) With View Replace View With Method(s) Use Official Data Source

Method Refactorings

Add Parameter Consolidate Conditional Expression Decompose Conditional Extract Method Introduce Variable Parameterize Methods Remove Control Flag Remove Middleman Remove Parameter Rename Method Reorder Parameters Replace Literal With Table Lookup Replace Nested Expression With Guard Clauses Replace Parameter With Specific Methods Split Temporary Variable Substitute Algorithm

Non-Refactoring Transformations

Insert Data Introduce New Column Introduce New Table Introduce View Update Data

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8.Tools to Help

Doing this kind of thing requires a lot of repetitive tasks. The good news is that whenever you run into run into repetitive tasks in software development you are ideally placed to automate them. As a result we've developed a fair amount of often simple tools to help us.

One of the most valuable pieces of automation is a simple set of scripts for common database tasks.

Bring a user up to date with the current master. Create a new user Copy a database schema, for example Sue finds a bug with her database, now Mike can copy Sue's database and try to debug the application Move a database, for example from a workstation to a different workstation, this is essentially Copy database and Delete database combined as one Drop a user Export a user so team members can make offine backups of the database that they are working with. Import a user, so if the team members have a backup copy of the database, they can import the backup and create a new schema. Export a baseline - make a backup copy of the master database. This is a specialized case of Export a User Create a difference report of any number of schemas, so that Mike can find out what is different structurally between his database and Sue's. Diff a schema against the master, so that developers can compare their local copy against the master. List all the users

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To conclude, Database refactoring is a database implementation technique, just like code refactoring is an application implementation technique. You refactor your database schema to ease additions to it. You often find that you have to add a new feature to a database, such as a new column or stored procedure, but the existing design is not the best one possible to easily support that new feature. You start by refactoring your database schema to make it easier to add the feature, and after the refactoring has been successfully applied, you then add the feature. The advantage of this approach is that you are slowly, but constantly, improving the quality of your database design. This process not only makes your database easier to understand and use, it also makes it easier to evolve over time; in other words, you improve your overall development productivity.

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В Experience is that data professionals can benefit from adopting modern evolutionary techniques similar to those of developers, and that database refactoring is one of several important skills that data professionals require. Evolutionary development has arguably become the norm within the IT community, and agile software development approaches extend evolutionary methods to become more effective. Data professionals take evolutionary and agile concepts and techniques seriously: they're real, they work, and they're here to stay.

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9.Software (Code) Refractoring

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Refactoring is a disciplined technique for restructuring an existing body of code, altering its internal structure without changing its external behavior. Its heart is a series of small behavior preserving transformations. Each transformation called a 'refactoring' does little, but a sequence of transformations can produce a significant restructuring. Since each refactoring is small, it's less likely to go wrong. The system is also kept fully working after each small refactoring, reducing the chances that a system can get seriously broken during the restructuring.

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10.Refactor to Improve Code Design

Refactoring restructures your code into a more simplified or efficient form in a disciplined way. Refactoring software code improves its internal structure without changing external functionality for more efficient execution, faster download speed, and easier updates.

В 

Refactoring is the art of reworking your code into a more simplified or efficient form in a disciplined way. Refactoring improves internal code structure without altering its external functionality by transforming functions and rethinking algorithms. Consequently, refactoring is an iterative process. By refactoring your JavaScript, Flash, and Java you can streamline its size, simplify your code, and speed up download and execution speed.

В 

Martin Fowler, who wrote the book on refactoring, calls these changes "transformations." Individual transformations may make small improvements, but taken as a whole transformations can make a significant improvement to your code. Refactorings include reducing scope, replacing complex instructions with simpler or built-in instructions, and combining multiple statements into one statement. Here's a simple example that replaces an assignment with an initialization. So instead of this:

В В В В В В В В В В В В В В  function foo() { В В  В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В  var i; В В  В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В  // ... В  В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В  i = 5;}

Do this:

function foo() { В В  var i = 5; В В  // ...}

В 

11.The Need Refactoring

Continuous design allows one to add more flexibility into the design, by adding to an initially simple design as the need arises, instead of having a big upfront design. Thus the design will evolve as the code grows. There is a shift from building software towards growing it. The process of refactoring can be used to contribute to these evolving states of the code.

Refactoring improves the design of software

Without refactoring the design of the program will decay. Poorly designed code usually takes more to do the same things, often because the does the same thing in different places

Refactoring makes the code easier to understand

In most software development environments, somebody else will eventually have to read the code so it becomes easy for others to comprehend.

Refactoring helps to find bugs

It helps in finding the Bugs present in the program.

Refactoring helps to program faster

It helps us to do the coding/programming faster as we have better understanding of the situation.

В 

Refactoring is the process of clarifying and simplifying the design of existing code, without changing its behavior. Un-refactored code tends to rot. Rot takes several forms: unhealthy dependencies between classes or packages, bad allocation of class responsibilities, duplicate code, and many other varieties of confusion and clutter. (Check out this list of such "design smells.")

Rot is what makes code difficult to maintain or extend. Every time we change code without refactoring it, rot worsens and spreads. Code rot frustrates us, costs us time, and unduly shortens the lifespan of useful systems.

Refactoring code ruthlessly prevents rot, by keeping code easy to maintain and extend. This extensibility is the reason to refactor and the measure of its success. This is what enables XP teams to embrace arbitrary and drastic change. Note that the XP practice of Test-driven Development (TDD) is essential to refactoring. The exhaustive tests produced by TDD are what make it safe and orderly to make changes of any kind. This is why Adaption always teaches TDD and refactoring together.

В 

12.Code Hygiene

What does "refactor ruthlessly" mean? It means striving as a matter of routine to keep the code's design simple and crystal clear. It means knowing the design principles and patterns that are vital to keeping code extensible, and knowing when to "refactor toward" them. It means refactoring both production code and test code frequently during the day, eliminating all forms of the "code smells" that are precursors to true rot.

Mainly it means never going home at the end of the day with "code debts" that need paying tomorrow (smelly sections that need cleaning up). This level of code hygiene may at first seem like a lot of extra work, but it pays you such dividends so soon and so regularly that you soon become ddicted to it -- rather like TDD.

В 

13.Specific "Refactorings"

Refactorings are the opposite of fiddling endlessly with code; they are precise and finite. Martin Fowler's definitive book on the subject describes 72 specific "refactorings" by name (e.g., "Extract Method," which extracts a block of code from one method, and creates a new method for it). Each refactoring converts a section of code (a block, a method, a class) from one of 22 well-understood "smelly" states to a more optimal state. It takes awhile to learn to recognize refactoring opportunities, and to implement refactorings properly. This is a practice at the heart of high software craft.

В 

14.The Flow of Refactoring

In a TDD context, refactoring has the same flow as any other code change. You have your automated tests. You begin the refactoring by making the smallest discrete change you can that will compile, run, and function. Wherever possible, you make such changes by adding to the existing code, in parallel with it. You run the tests. You then make the next small discrete change, and run the tests again. When the refactoring is in place and the tests all run clean, you go back and remove the old smelly parallel code. Once the tests run clean after that, you are done. Badabing, badaboom: cleaner code, with no new bugs.

В 

15.Refactoring Automation in IDEs

Fortunately, more and more Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) are building in automated refactoring support. For example, Adaption's favorite IDE for Java is eclipse, which includes more auto-refactorings all the time. Another favorite is IntelliJ IDEA.

To refactor code in eclipse or IDEA, you select the code you want to refactor, pull down the specific refactoring you need from a menu, and the IDE does the rest of the hard work. You are prompted appropriately for new names for things that need naming, and for similar input. You can then immediately rerun your tests to make sure that the change didn't break anything. If anything was broken, you can easily undo the refactoring and investigate.

16.Refactoring activities

The refactoring process consists of a number of different activities, each of which can be automated to a certain extent:

(1) Identify where the software should be refactored;

(2) Determine which refactorings should be applied to the identified places;

(3) Guarantee that the applied refactoring preserves behavior;

(4) Apply the refactoring;

(5) Assess the effect of refactoring on software quality characteristics;

(6) Maintain consistency between refactored program code and other software artifacts (or vice versa).

В 

The steps taken when applying the refactoring should be small enough to oversee the consequences they have and reproduceable to allow others to understand them. Generalized refactoring steps in a way, are more a rule that can be applied to any structure.

В 

Refactoring as proposed by Fowler not only covers the mechanics of restructuring, but also addresses the following issues:

• Refactoring emphasizes that, in absence of more formal guarantees, testing should be used to ensure that each restructuring is behavior preserving. A rich test suite should be built, which must be run before and after each test is applied.

• Refactorings are described in a catalog, using a template reminiscent of design patterns.

• Refactorings are applied in small steps, one by one, running the test suite after every step to make it into commercial development tools.

В 

В 

17.Refactoring techniques

A Few Refactoring Techniques

В Add Parameter В Rename Method В Remove Parameter В Move Field В Extract method В Extract class В Extract Interface В Hide delegate В Pull up Method В Push down Method В Push down Field В Inline class В Inline Method В Encapsulate field В Collapse hierarchy etc

В 

17.1Extract Method

A fragment of code that can be grouped together, turn it into a method with a name that explains the purpose of the method.

В 

void printFormatted(string text)

{

System.out.println ("Refractoring the Code");

"System.out.println ("Author: Venkatesh");

printRest(text);

}

void printFormatted(string text) {

printHeader();

printRest(text);

}

printHeader()

{

System.out.println("Refractoring the Code");

System.out.println("Author: Venkatesh") ;}

В 

В 

В 

18.Refactoring tool support

18.1Language Support

Support for restructuring has been provided in a variety of different programming languages and language paradigms: imperative or procedural languages (FORTRAN, Cobol, C); functional languages (Scheme, Lisp, Haskel); logic languages (e.g., Prolog); class-based object-oriented languages (Smalltalk, Java, C++); prototype-based object oriented languages (e.g., Self ); aspect-oriented languages (e.g., AspectJ).

В 

18.2Tool Support

Refactoring tools are difficult to construct. They need to be correct but also highly usable, where "usable" in this context includes interactive, fast, user-friendly, integrated, and exploratory. After some experience on constructing refactoring tools is gained, the task of expanding to new programming languages may hopefully become easier.

В 

В 

Eclipse was among the first IDEs to help bring refactoring to the mainstream developer. Eclipse version 1.0 included several highly useful Java refactorings, which are nowadays staple tools in most Java developers' toolbox.

В 

These included Rename, Move, and Extract Method. Eclipse 2.0 added a lot of statement-level refactorings such as Extract and Inline Local Variable, Change Method Signature, and Encapsulate Field. Some refactorings, such as Rename, offer great leverage because of the potential scale of the changes they perform automatically. Others, like Extract Method, are more local in scope, but relieve the developer from performing the analysis required to ensure that program behavior is unaffected. In both cases, the developer benefits from reduction of a complex and numerous changes to a single operation. This helps to maintain his focus on the big picture. Moreover, the ability to roll back the changes with a single gesture enables exploration of structural possibilities more easily, and without fear of irreparable damage to the code base.

В 

19.Eclipse & Net beans - Java В В refactoring

В 

В 

Refractoring using Net Beans

В 

Finally Software Refactoring is an important area of research that promises substantial benefits to software maintenance. Refactoring is a process that improves the quality and allows developers to repair code that is becoming hard to maintain, without throwing away the existing source code and starting again. We can return with a well structured and well designed code after proper application of refactoring techniques. Refactoring naturally fits in an agile software development process. It forms even one of the cornerstones of the eXtreme Programming process; together with unit testing. The research in software engineering continues to be very active.

В 

20.Conclusion:

Up to 75% of the costs associated with the development of software systems occur post-deployment during maintenance and evolution. Software refactoring is a process that can significantly reduce the costs associated with software evolution. Refactoring is defined as internal modification of source code to improve system quality, without change to observable behaviour. Tool support for software refactoring attempts to further reduce evolution costs by automating manual, error-prone and tedious tasks. Although the process of refactoring is well-defined, tools supporting refactoring do not support the full process. Existing tools suffer from issues associated with the level of automation, the stages of the refactoring process supported or automated, the subset of refactorings that can be applied, and complexity of the supported refactorings.

В 

References

[1]В В  В В В В В В В В В В В  Fowler, M. (1999). Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code. В 

Menlo Park, California: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.

[2]В В  В В В В В В В В В В В  Ambler, S.W. (2003). Agile Database Techniques: Effective Strategies for В 

the Agile Software Developer. New York: John Wiley & Sons. www.ambysoft.com/books/agileDatabaseTechniques.html

[3]В В  В В В В В В В В В В В  Ambler, S.W. and Sadalage, P.J. (2006). Refactoring Databases: В 

Evolutionary Database Design. Boston: Addison Wesley. www.ambysoft.com/books/refactoringDatabases.html

[4]В В  В В В В В В В В В В В  Larman, C. (2004). Agile and Iterative Development: A Manager's Guide.

Boston: Addison-Wesley.

[5]В В  В В В В В В В В В В В  Astels D. (2003). Test Driven Development: A Practical Guide. Upper

Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

[6]В В  В В В В В В В В В В В  Beck, K. (2003). Test Driven Development: By Example. Boston, MA:

Addison Wesley.

[7]В В  В В В В В В В В В В В  Ambler, S.W. (2004). Introduction to Test Driven Development (TDD). В 

www.agiledata.org/essays/tdd.html

[8]В В  В В В В В В В В В В В  Ambler, S.W. (2004). The Agile Data Home Page. www.agiledata.org.

[9]В В  В В В В В В В В В В В  Ambler, S.W. (2002). Agile Modeling: Best Practices for the Unified

Process and Extreme Programming. New York: John Wiley & Sons. www.ambysoft.com/books/agileModeling.html

[10]В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В  Ambler, S.W. Agile Model Driven Development (AMDD).

www.agilemodeling.com/essays/amdd.htm

[11]В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В  Java Refactorings in Eclipse-http://www.eclipse.org

[12]                       Martin Fowler, „Refactoring Home Page"-http://www.refactoring.com

[13]В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В  Fowler, martin: A list of refactoring tools for several languages,-В 

http://www.refactoring.com/tools.html

[14]В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В  Discussion site on code smells -http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?CodeSmell

В 

В 

[1] V V N Kumar,email:naren6568@rediffmail.com,K.Rav,kolipakaravi@yahoo.co.in Faculty Department of Informatics,Alluri Institute of Management Sciences,Warangal,A.P.-506001(India)

#5

Steel connections detailing (beam/beam or beam/column) is an important exercise when planning definite distribution of loads transmitted from one structure member to another. This article helps you to become familiar with the more simple ways of joining steel components like beams and columns in a building frame. Basic design routines used for steel connection detailing purposes are: flexible end plates, bolted angle cleats and fin plates. All three of these are the most useful for steel beam/column or beam/beam connections.

In steel connection detailing process connections are assumed not to transmit any load from the target beam to another beam or column and for this to occur the connection must allow a small amount of rotation. With web cleats this happens from slip in the connected members and buckling of the cleats. Fin plates and End plates are purposely constructed of relatively thin material that will deform rather than transmitting any considerable moment.

To reduce steel fabrication expenses, the BCSA (British Constructional Steelwork Association) has proposed a number of standardized angle web cleat, fin plate and end plate connections and you should follow this for building steel frames. These fittings will usually be made of Grade 43 steel. In general the tops of all the fittings are placed 50mm below the top of the beam and the first bolt row will be 90mm below the top of the beam. A standard bolt pitch of 70mm is applied wherever possible. These recommended standards need to be customized for small components and for heavily loaded members.

To form beam-beam connections it is essential to notch the top and sometimes the bottom of the supported beam to clean up the flanges of the supporting beam. The BCSA standards utilize a 50mm deep notch rather than the lowest notch depth specified in the property tables of steel section. BCSA proposes use of fully threaded bolts or screws which are appropriate for 80-90% of connections in a typical steel frame. This means that there will be threads in the shear plane of the bolt so the threaded area of the bolt is used in estimating its shear capacity.

When detailing steel beam connections or column connections you need to examine the CAD program output closely to make sure that the recommended design can be physically constructed and that there is sufficient room to tighten the bolts. All steel connections are only as strong as the weakest link – hence the information provided here will enable you to avoid major slip-ups in steel framing and building design.

To know more about steel connections detailing and structural designs email us at info@outsourcingsteeldetailing.com or visit us at http://www.outsourcingsteeldetailing.com

#4

Are Cheaper iPhones A Good Move for Apple?

Apple is expected to release a cheaper version of the iPhone during 2011.These models could be half the size of the iPhone 4, and would presumably be available for half the price of standard iPhones. Apple primarily competes with Research in Motion, Motorola Mobility, (Motorola HNN9008A Two Way Radios Battery) and Nokia in the mobile phone market.

On the face of it, this move should present the opportunity for Apple to sell more iPhones and further establish itself in the highly competitive smartphone market. Google Android OS-based smartphones have seen tremendous adoption growth over the past year, and the recent partnership agreement between Nokia and Microsoft could pose another long-term threat to Apple (see Nokia Partnership Provides Upside for Microsoft Stock).

The move to offer cheaper iPhones should help Apple gain smartphone market share, but this could come alongside lower average pricing and reduced profit margins. Below we analyze this effect in relation to our $420 price estimate for Apple stock, which is roughly 20% above market price.

iPhone Sales are Key for Apple

Apple's smartphone market share has stagnated over the past few quarters, with Google's Android making rapid strides and recently surpassing Apple's iPhone in U.S. market share according to ComScore data.В However, we do expect an increase in iPhone's global market share from around 3% in 2010 to 12% by the end of our forecast period.

The cheaper iPhones could certainly help Apple target developing markets, where the company's premium products may not yet have fully established a customer base. Developing markets, especially emerging markets, tend to be more price sensitive. Another issue with these markets is that consumers are accustomed to buying mobile products without a contract from telecom providers.

Long-term contracts allow telecom providers to absorb premium pricing and pass subsidized pricing along to consumers. This means that Apple's premium products sold without contract are always priced much higher than its competitors' offerings. Hence, the introduction of cheaper iPhones makes a lot of sense for developing markets. To demonstrate the sensitivity of Apple's equity value to this metric, we note that a scenario in which Apple is able to grow its global market share to around 25% by the end of our forecast period (vs. our 12% base forecast) would imply 60% upside to our price estimate for Apple stock. Clearly, this metric is critical to Apple's valuation.

Reduced Pricing and Margins Could Present Downside

According to a report from The Wall Street Journal, the cheaper iPhones could be available for half the price of standard models.The average iPhone pricing for 2010 was around $610, and although we expect the pricing to decline to around $410 by the end of our forecast period, this decline could accelerate if the cheaper iPhones become a big hit.

Pricing cuts would hurt profit margins on the iPhone. Apple generates substantial value from its ability to generate high margins on iPhone sales (over 50% as of 2010). Although we already expect iPhone gross margins to decline to around 39% by the end of our forecast period, the reduced average pricing would add further pressure to this metric.

There could be a downside of 25% to our price estimate for Apple's stock if average pricing and gross profit margins both decline to half of their current levels, reaching $300 and 25% respectively by the end of our forecast period.

Overall, potential reductions in average iPhone pricing and gross profit margins would be more than offset by expected increases in iPhone sales. In aggregate, the scenarios mentioned above would imply net upside of 8% to our $420 price estimate for Apple stock.

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#3

The art nouveau style saw a fundamental change in interior design styles. Rather then using inspiration from the past designers began to look at the things around them to inspire some of the most wonderful furniture, lighting and patterns which make this particular style unique.

In the beginning people either loved it and embraced the designs with open arms or loathed it and said it would never become popular-the latter being very wrong! The art nouveau style saw a revival in the 1960s and again today in the 21st century interiors designers are still using some of the concepts within their interior styles.

Famous names associated with art nouveau are Charles Renie Macintosh who introduced wonderful patterns for wall papers and fabrics. It is for these designs he is probably most associated.

Louis Comfort Tiffany designed and created wonderful lighting using a host of different coloured glass in table lamp shades on which the stands depicted nature and animals predominately.

Emille Galle designed fabulous furniture, ceramics and glass wear to compliment this new design fashion in the art nouveau style with influences from Rocco.

Rene Lalique glass wear and jewellery items are highly sought after in the auction rooms, with people hoping to find these exquisite pieces to add to their collections.

These 'new' designers believed in fine craftsmanship and quality but they also embraced and accepted mass production.

To achieve the art nouveau look in your home there are some key and fundamental 'rules' to be followed.

Floors should be parquet and stained or vanished. While Macintosh experiments with interiors which were 'all white' typically the colour tones were muted and comprised of sage greens, browns and mustard, combined with lilac, purple and peacock blue. Walls were either painted in one of the muted tones, 'off white' or papered with patterns inspired by nature and often included birds, particularly peacocks and dragonflies.

Macintosh is world famed for his high backed chairs with black gloss lacquer. However chairs upholstered in replicas of floral fabrics with muted tones would look in keeping with the art nouveau theme.

If you could afford a genuine Tiffany lamp it would undoubtedly be the show case of the room, however this is highly unlikely for most! Reproduction Tiffany lamps are widely available in the high street or online and are essential to achieve the art nouveau look.

Ornaments were glass, the opaly and pearlescent styles for which Lalique is famed, along with pewter and silver. Antiques shops and boot fairs are ideal places to find art nouveau ornaments which do not necessarily command a high price due to the mass production at the time.

To complete the art nouveau look the room should have plenty of flowers and peacock feathers which are one of the hallmarks of this interior design style.

Windows contained stained glass panels, these can been found at salvage yards if you are lucky or modern reproduction would work equally as well.

Art nouveau curtains should be unpretentious and include Mackintosh or William Morris designs which were similar to wall paper designs having linear lines or Morris styled floral designs which were inspired by his own garden.

#2

"Can I get a haircut this afternoon?" I asked.

"Can you come back in half an hour?" the receptionist/cashier/gum chewer responded. "Varna can take you."

I returned in 30 minutes to meet Varna. "Can you cut my hair?" I asked. "Yes," I answered my own question, "we have the technology."

I like to goof with the people at the salons in LA. Most of them take hair way too seriously. Varna sat me in her chair. I was ready for her to stand behind me and ask, "How do you want your hair cut today?" I want to say, "shorter", not to try to be funny but because I can never figure out how to answer that question. So I give my stock answer. "Above the ears here, make the back fit the length of the sides and thin out the top a little."

Usually that is the end of the interview and I am escorted back to the washing area. Varna's approach was different. She sat in the neighboring chair.

"How long has it been since your last cut, Joe?" she asked.

"Could be 5 weeks."

"I'd say closer to 6 weeks. Where did you get it cut, Joe?" she continued.

People that use my name a lot make me nervous. "I've been on the road. In an airport somewhere."

"What kind of shampoo are you using, Joe?"

"Ecology brand, I think", I said.

"Is it green, pink, or peach?" she asked.

"I think it's green."

"That's the cucumber. With your light hair I'm going to move you to the papaya. It has water lily, jojoba and vitamins A and E. It's great if you wash your hair every day. And I don't recommend washing your hair every day. Every other day will be fine."

Maybe for you, I thought. I looked down at the mirror. Varna's cosmetology license was a week old.

"What about conditioner, Joe?" she asked.

"I keep my hair in excellent condition. Runs three miles a day."

"Use plenty of conditioner, Joe. Especially since you wash your hair every day, which I don't recommend. I'm going to start you on the Rosemary Mist Mint. The safflower oil will help with your split ends."

She peppered me with question after question. I wondered when we might get to the actual cutting part of my hair cut experience.

"Joe, let me ask you. Where are you going with your hair?"

I didn't know what she meant. So I asked, "What do you mean?"

"What look are you trying to achieve? Sporty? Executive? Arty? On-the-go? Intellectual? I'll bet you want a cut that GETS THE LADIES? Huh? Am I right? Am I, Joe?" she winked.

I didn't have the time to explain that GETTING THE LADIES takes a lot more than a haircut.

"I'm going for the intellectual-executive-sports-fan-who-is-on-the-go-to-art-exhibitions-where-he-tries-to-get-the-ladies look."

"HA! HA!" Varna cried out, throwing her head back, laughing like a horse might. The other people in the room turned to look. "Funny!" she said. Then she turned suddenly serious. "Joe, here's a promise I will make for you. I will never, ever, ever lie to you. I will never try to give you a look that's not right for you. That's not what I'm about. Varna is about honesty. Trust is very important to me and to my clients. My clients trust me completely. Can you see how important that is- that we trust each other?"

It was starting to sound like we were dating. I appreciate that cosmetology school taught Varna every possible technique to bond with her customers. But the interview was taking longer than the actual cut.

"What do you, Joe?"

"I'm not at liberty to talk about my work with the government. However, I can tell you that I tell jokes at company dinners and conventions."

"Really, you mean, my haircut will be seen by lots of people?"

"Thousands."

"Then I will give you a haircut that will PERFORM as well as you perform, Joe! And I can tell you are a good performer. Right?" Questions raced though my mind. What if my "performing" haircut demands a percentage of my fee. What if my hair gets its own agent and starts making outrageous demands? What if it develops a juggling act and starts to upstage me? And will Varna cut my hair before closing time?

#1

1. INTRODUCTION

In the context of petrochemical production facilities or oil refineries, potential accidents involving flammable substances can cause irreparable damage to property, including the lives of employees and temporary or permanent impairment of the environmental conditions of the community around the installations.

These are accidents of high-explosive, capable of consuming equipment and industrial installations in a few hours, and represents a potential large-scale imaging.

According to Sperandio (2008, p.6), the temperature rise is the first effect of the heat. Which develops in different speeds for bodies of different materials.

The thermal damage include loss of mechanical strength of piping and equipment due to heat exposure cause the failure of seals, broken lines and oil spills. Besides that, if the power wiring and instrumentation be incapacitated, it is impossible to operate the emergency valves for isolation, vents, openings, water spray systems, automatic or manual, mainly due to damage caused by fire.

Passive protection can provide additional time for other means of fire fighting to control and extinguish the fire and save the plant before the thermal effects cause the impairment of equipment and / or its functions.

Because of convection, a fire can spread to magazines quite a distance from the original focus, but the upper floors of a building through windows, doors or stairwells to enable the spread of vertical column of heated gases (SPERANDIO, 1994, p.B04).

This and other effects are sufficient to support the previous requirement of insurers in the installation of fireproofing systems in petrochemical plants, including passive protection is one of the requirements provided for the benefit inherent in the early stages of a start a fire.

So, besides being a safety requirement, is also a contractual requirement which covers the interests of key stakeholders in the insurance policy processes.

1.1 OBJECTIVES

This paper aims to address the general case study of the implementation of passive protection against fire in a selected area within the atmospheric distillation unit and vacuum a Brazilian company active in the Oil and Gas

From the overall objective, this paper has the following objectives:

a) test the hypothesis of occurrence of fire scenarios "Jet Fire" and "fire in pool" in the area selected for the case study;

b) measure (s) degree (s) risk priority (GPR);

c) depending on the significance of the prioritization of risk (GPR) to determine (s) their (s) action (s) recommended (s);

d) according to the recommended action, submit their action taken to effect the implementation of passive protection against fire-oriented equipment and facilities located within the area selected for the case study.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

Firestopping or "fire protection" has to be a systematic process, including the use of materials that provides a degree of fire resistance to protect the structures. This protection can be active or passive (AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE, 1999).

Among the various types of passive protection in the market may be cited: the barriers of fire protection, fire-resistant construction, proper spacing, safe separation distance, drainage and insulation.

Finally, means of coating, barrier or safeguard that provides protection against the heat of fire without any additional intervention (AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE op.cit.).

However, the main goal of passive protection is achieved already during the early stages of the fire, while efforts are directed to stop the units and process equipment, insulation oil flow from the fire, drive systems for active combat and water currents cooling.

According to API 2218 (AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE, 1999), determining the need for fire protection and fireproofing is determined through the lessons learned involving previous experiences and / or analysis of the "fire scenarios". From the analysis of a "fire scenario" is developed so-called "envelope of fire", which consists of a three-dimensional space in which the equipment stops leaking fluid or flammable fuel capable of burning time and with sufficient intensity to cause damage property.

2.1 FIRE SCENARIOS

Both the standard American Petroleum Institute op.cit., And Silveira (2005), distinguish two main junctures in which there would be exposure to direct flame or by heat fluxes arising from fire: fire stream (jet fire) and fire in pool (pool fire).

As the definitions of the standard American Petroleum Institute op.cit., Jet fire is a leak in a pressurized system which ignita and forms a jet of fire that can focus on other equipment. The length of the jet can reach up to 150 times the diameter of the orifice of the jet. Results of tests show exposure to the jet stream at speeds of incidence of about 130 ft / s, the flame temperatures of 1093 C (2000 В° F) and heat flux of 100,000 BTU / ft ВІ-h (320 kW / mВІ).

The same rule sets fire in the pool as a pool ignition caused by fuel leaks, which can burn with a flame height of two to three times the diameter of the pool. Historically values are used for the burning rate of pool fires in 6 to 12 in / h for gasoline and 5 to 8 in / h for kerosene, in relation to its depth.

In this case study has been that the products resulting from the atmospheric distillation unit are kerosene, light diesel, heavy diesel and naphtha. While the products of distillation, vacuum gas oil is light, heavy and vacuum residue. All, therefore, are highly flammable substances (ABADIE, 2002, p.19).

In this context, it is important to note that passive protection can serve as a protective barrier, allowing the escape of personnel operating in the area. Since the human body tolerates only 15 seconds to radiant heat up to 2500 BTU / ft ВІ-hr (8 kW / mВІ), any preventive measures implemented can be the difference between life and death in the context of an accident involving the combustion of hydrocarbons ( AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE, 1999).

3. METHODOLOGY

The research method was applied through the assessment instrument used on the data collected, for which he was chosen among the FMEA analysis methodologies known risk: Preliminary Hazard / Risk (APP / APR), Vulnerability Analysis, HAZID, HAZOP, among others (Moraes, 2009, p.1251-1252).

3.1 research design

This case study is aimed at an area with a history of accidents within the flammable Unit Process atmospheric and vacuum distillation of a Brazilian refinery Sector Oil and Gas

The work was restricted to a circular area containing three (3) pumps, process piping, two (2) members of structural steel columns and two (2) sections of the cabling raceways containing power and control (instrumentation).

The focus of the research was focused on the implementation of passive protection against fire in the foregoing elements, in particular referred to:

В· Code area, which is essential to interpret the gas / flammable vapor, to be released out, tends to rise or fall. As this could help define the location of the area at risk levels higher or lower depending on the relative density of the flammable mixture (Franco et al., 2002, p.17);

В· Fire scenarios, as discussed earlier;

В· Material selection of passive protection.

3.2 LIST OF ASSUMPTIONS

In this case study were raised two (2) assumptions related to the most likely scenarios of fire, according to the historical data of accidents in the chosen area:

1st accident hypothesis: the possibility of occurrence of the effect of jet fire;

2nd accident hypothesis: the possibility of occurrence of fire in effect pool.

The case study tested both hypotheses, presenting conclusions.

3.3 DATA COLLECTION

In order to accomplish the data collection interviews were held with professionals involved in the production process and support the Unit Process atmospheric and vacuum distillation to meet the deployment requirements of the systems adopted for fire protection (fireproofing) and the context associated .

The collected data were entered into the FMEA to cause / effect relationship and facilitate the feedback process of the interviewees, but being careful not to make their active participation in this research.

Data collected: documents such as meeting minutes, memorials calculation, drawings, sketches, interviews and additional procedures carried out from 28/09/09 to 29/10/09 with the staff with access to data and information holdings.

a) Location Data:

В· Map of risk: high risk due to the presence of flammable substances;

В· Equipment: pumps identified by "B1", "B2" and "B3", which operate the exhaust combustion products such as kerosene, diesel oil and naphtha.

As В· API RP 505 (AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE, 1997) and NFPA 70 (NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION, 2008), the classification of the area correspond to Zone 2 (open or ventilation). But the area already has a history of accidents;

В· Connections: process piping, contain flammable mixture pumped into food processing units adjacent to the selected area;

Electrical ducts В·: identified two (2) conduits containing wiring responsible for food control and instrumentation installation site and the neighbors, since through the entire industry;

В· Structural elements: two (2) columns that support the roof, which have shaped profile of "I" and are identified by "C1" and "C2".

4. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS

Depending on risk analysis (FMEA) used with the criteria mentioned above (scenarios of fire, area classification and envelope of fire), were recommended actions for each element analyzed.

4.1 PROCESS PUMPS

Within the specified area, the failure modes related to 3 process pumps, are:

a) Parade (s) pump (s), with severity equal to 9 (nine);

b) Leakage of flammable fluid, with severity equal to 10 (ten).

Why not present a risk priority (GPR) of concern, the first failure mode has not received specific actions outside those already listed in the FMEA: scheduled maintenance and eventual activation of safety valves.

For the second failure mode, the following actions were recommended:

a) Replacing the seal kit and pump;

b) Installation of fire protection at the base (s) pump (s).

Importantly the GPR achieved for this mode of failure, 450. It is the second highest risk potential found in the FMEA.

This fact can not be ignored and justifies the resulting actions taken to mitigate and / or eliminate the risk:

В· Trade sealing kits were provided to manufacturers of pumps and equipment foundations were rebuilt according to the internal rules of design and installation of passive protection.

That is, the concrete bases were reconstructed in order to include the specifications of the envelope of fire.

4.2 PIPING AND RELATED LINKS

The tubing and connections located within the area evaluated several transport fluids containing (or not) flammable substances.

The potential failure mode "leakage of vapor and gas product" pointed severity equal to 10 (ten). Who is the greatest concern, since it represents the greatest security risk.

It was found through its effects, that the failure mode is associated with the jet of fire and fire in puddle. Being caused by a leakage or cracks in the pipe.

The recommended action related to the criterion of severity / occurrence (S / O) of greater severity, was the installation of passive protection against fire facing the circular profiles in the connections / section of pipe classified as zone 2 within the range of potential fire envelope .

As a result of actions taken, the material passive protection were the mastic and blankets to protect the pipes and fittings attached.

4.3 raceways wired CONTROL AND STRENGTH

Regarding the wiring in raceways containing power and control instrumentation crossing a section of the study area, the potential failure modes are more serious than those raised in the previous analysis.

All failure modes have equal severity to 9 (nine), a classification that indicates risk of compromising security.

In this classification, lists the following failure modes:

a) interruption of energy flow and control;

b) failure (partial or total) of the physical integrity of power cables and control.

Both also have the highest S / O equal to 9 (nine), which justifies the recommended actions to mitigate or eliminate the risks that threaten security.
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